Sneezing, also known as sternutation, is the response of the mucous membrane of the nose to an irritant or foreign body that causes allergy in a hypersensitive person.
Description
A sneeze is an involuntary explosive burst of air from the nose and mouth that removes offending material from the nasal passages.
Causes & symptoms
Sneezing can occur from a number of causes, or may itself be a symptom of an underlying condition, most likely an allergy or common cold. Sneezing may simply be triggered by a small foreign object or substance in the nose, including particles of pepper, smoke, irritating chemical fumes, or gases. It may also be a symptom of a common cold, upper respiratory tract infection, hay fever, or other allergies to pollen, dust, dust mites, mold, dander, grass, or other substances. Additional potential causes of sneezing include withdrawal from opiate drugs, inhaling corticosteroids, whooping cough, or anaphylaxis. Many people sneeze when they step outdoors into bright sunlight. Others report sneezing whenever they tweeze their eyebrows.
In a January 2000 paper in the journal Neurology, Dr. Mark Hersch of Australia's New South Wales University reported that some stroke patients find themselves temporarily unable to sneeze, leading to speculation that a "sneeze center" may exist in the medulla of the brainstem.
Diagnosis
An attempt to determine the cause of sneezing is likely to include an examination of the upper respiratory tract. A doctor might perform skin tests to uncover any allergies, or antibody tests. In some cases, x rays are also useful.
Herbs and supplements
Echinacea, Yin Chiao Chieh Tu Pien (a Chinese over-the-counter formulation), zinc, and vitamin C are all potentially useful against sneezing and other cold symptoms. Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) and red clover (Trifolium pratense) may be used for allergies.
